PHP Strings: Working with Text Data in PHP

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You can extract a portion of a string by using the substr() function.

Specify the start index and the number of characters you want to return.

Syntax:

substr(string $string, int $start, int $length = ?);

$string: The input string.

$start: The starting position to slice. A positive number counts from the beginning (0-indexed). A negative number counts from the end of the string.

$length (optional): The length of the substring to extract. If not provided, it extracts from $start to the end of the string. A negative value of $length will exclude characters from the end.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

$substring = substr("Hello World", 0, 5); // Outputs: Hello

echo $substring;

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

Note

The first character has index 0.

Slice to the End

By leaving out the length parameter, the range will go to the end:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

$text = "Hello, World!";

// Slice from index 7 to the end

$subText = substr($text, 7);

echo $subText; // Outputs: World!

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

**Slice From the End**

Use negative indexes to start the slice from the end of the string:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

$x = "Hello World!";

echo substr($x, -5, 3);

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

Note

The last character has index -1.

Negative Length

When you pass a negative length value, it will exclude that many characters from the end of the string:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<?php

$text = "Hello, World!";

// Start at position 0, and extract everything except the last 6 characters

$subText = substr($text, 0, -6);

echo $subText; // Outputs: Hello,

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

In this case:

0 means start from the beginning of the string.
-6 means exclude the last 6 characters, so "Hello, " is returned.

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