PHP Arrays: A Complete Guide to Using Arrays in PHP

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PHP Create Arrays

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You can create arrays in a variety of ways. Arrays are essential data structures for grouping multiple values in a single variable.

Create Array

Using the array() function:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");

var_dump($fruits);

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

Using short array syntax ([ ]):

You can also use a shorter syntax by using the [] brackets:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"];

var_dump($fruits);

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

Array Keys

When creating indexed arrays the keys are given automatically to store values, starting at 0 and increased by 1 for each item, so the array above could also be created with keys:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$cars = [

0 => "Volvo",

1 => "BMW",

2 =>"Toyota"

];

var_dump($cars);

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

As you can see, indexed arrays are the same as associative arrays, but associative arrays uses custom keys (which can be strings or integers) to store values:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$person = array(

"name" => "John",

"age" => 25,

"city" => "New York"

);

var_dump($person);

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

Creating an Empty Array

You can also create an empty array and add elements to it later.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$emptyArray = [];

$emptyArray[] = "Item 1";

$emptyArray[] = "Item 2";

var_dump($emptyArray);

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

The same goes for associative arrays, you can declare the array first, and then add items to it:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$student = [];

$student["name"] = "Alice";

$student["age"] = 22;

$student["major"] = "Computer Science";

var_dump($student);

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Try it yourself

Note

Array can have both indexed and named keys.

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