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PHP Operators

~1 min read · PHP
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Arithmetic Operators:

Used to perform basic mathematical operations.

Operator

Description

Example

Result

+

Addition

5 + 2

7

-

Subtraction

5 - 2

3

*

Multiplication

5 * 2

10

/

Division

5 / 2

2.5

%

Modulus (Remainder)

5 % 2

1

**

Exponentiation

5 ** 2

25

++

Increment

let a = 1; a++

2

--

Decrement

let a = 1; a--

0
Example
"; echo "Subtraction: " . ($a - $b) . "
"; echo "Multiplication: " . ($a * $b) . "
"; echo "Division: " . ($a / $b) . "
"; echo "Remainder: " . ($a % $b) . "
"; echo "Exponentiation: " . ($a ** $b) . "
"; echo "Increment: " . ($a++) . "
"; echo "Decrement: " . ($a--) . "
"; ?>
Try it yourself

Assignment Operators:

Used to assign values to variables.

Operator

Description

Example

Equivalent To

=

Assign

a = 5

-----

+=

Add and Assign

a += 2

a = a + 2

-=

Subtract and Assign

a -= 2

a = a - 2

*=

Multiply and Assign

a *= 2

a = a * 2

/=

Divide and Assign

a /= 2

a = a / 2

%=

Modulus and Assign

a %= 2

a = a % 2

**=

Exponentiate Assign

a **= 2

a = a ** 2
Example
"); $a += 2; echo("Add and Assign: ".$a."
"); $a -= 2; echo("Subtract and Assign: ".$a."
"); $a *= 2; echo("Multiply and Assign: ".$a."
"); $a /= 2; echo("Divide and Assign: ".$a."
"); $a %= 2; echo("Modulus and Assign: ".$a."
"); $a **= 2; echo("Exponentiate Assign: ".$a."
"); ?>
Try it yourself

Comparison Operators:

Used to compare two values.

Operator

Description

Example

Result

==

Equal to

5 == "5"

true

===

Strict Equal (type & value)

5 === "5"

false

!=

Not Equal

5 != "5"

false

!==

Strict Not Equal

5 !== "5"

true

>

Greater Than

5 > 2

true

<

Less Than

5 < 2

false

>=

Greater or Equal

5 >= 5

true

<=

Less or Equal

5 <= 5

true
Example
"; echo((5 === "5") ? "Strict Equal" : "Not Strict Equal")."
"; echo((5 != "5") ? "Not Equal" : "Equal")."
"; echo((5 !== "5") ? "Strict Not Equal" : "Strict Equal")."
"; echo((5 > 2) ? "Greater Than" : "Less Than")."
"; echo((5 < 2) ? "Less Than" : "Greater Than")."
"; echo((5 >= 5) ? "Greater or Equal" : "Less or Equal")."
"; echo((5 <= 5) ? "Less or Equal" : "Greater or Equal")."
"; ?>
Try it yourself

Logical Operators:

Used to combine or invert Boolean values.

Operator

Description

Example

Result

&&

AND

true && false

false

||

OR

true || false

true

!

NOT

!true

false
Example
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Bitwise Operators:

Operate on binary numbers.

Operator

Description

Example

Result

&

AND

5 & 1

1

|

OR

5 | 1

5

^

XOR

5 ^ 1

4

~

NOT

~5

-6

<<

Left Shift

5 << 1

10

>>

Right Shift

5 >> 1

2
Example
"); // OR operator echo("OR: ".(5 | 1)."
"); // XOR operator echo("XOR: ".(5 ^ 1)."
"); // NOT operator echo("NOT: ".(~5)."
"); // Left Shift operator echo("Left Shift: ".(5 << 1)."
"); // Right Shift operator echo("Right Shift: ".(5 >> 1)."
"); ?>
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String Operators:

Used to concatenate strings.

Operator

Description

Example

Result

.

Concatenation

"Hello " . "World!"

Hello World!

.=

Concatenation assignment

$str = "Hello";

$str .= "World!"

Hello World!
Example
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Ternary Operator:

A shorthand for if-else.

Example
= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor"; echo $status; // Adult ?>
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Nullish Coalescing Operator (??)

Returns the right-hand value if the left-hand value is null or undefined.

Example
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Spaceship Operator (<=>)

Access nested object properties safely.


Compares two values and returns:

  • -1 if left is smaller
  • 0 if they are equal
  • 1 if left is greater
Example
20)."
"; // -1 echo (10 <=> 10)."
"; // 0 echo (20 <=> 10)."
"; // 1 ?>
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