PHP Access Modifiers: Control Class Properties and Methods with Examples

public - Accessible from anywhere (inside or outside the class). This is default
protected - Accessible within the class and inherited (child) classes only
private - Accessible only inside the class that defines it

In the following example we have added three different access modifiers to three properties (brand, engine, and price). Here, if you try to access the brand property it will work fine (because the brand property is public, and can be accessed from everywhere). However, if you try to access the engine or color property it will result in a fatal error (because the engine and color property are protected and private):

Example

<?php

class Car {

public $brand = "Toyota"; // Can be accessed from anywhere

protected $engine = "V8"; // Can be accessed within class and subclasses

private $price = "$30,000"; // Can only be accessed within this class

public function showDetails() {

return "Brand: $this->brand, Engine: $this->engine, Price: $this->price";

}

$myCar = new Car();

echo $myCar->brand; // Allowed (public)

// echo $myCar->engine; // Error (protected)

// echo $myCar->price; // Error (private)

echo "<br>" . $myCar->showDetails(); // Allowed (public method)

Try it yourself

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