ECMAScript 1 (ES1)

1997

Basic syantax and features:

• Control structures (if, for, while)
• Simplae data types (String, Number, and Boolean)

ECMAScript 2 (ES2)

1998

No major new features were added. Focused on minor edits.

ECMAScript 3 (ES3)

1999

•  Regular expressions
•  Try/catch exception handling
•  Improvements in string manipulation.
•  Arrays and Objects.

ECMAScript 4 (ES4)

Abandoned due to disagreements

ECMAScript 5 (ES5)

2009

•  Strict Mode ("use strict";)
•  JSON support (JSON.parse() and JSON.stringify())
•  Array methods(forEach(),map(),filter(),reduce())
•  Property Getters/Setters
•  Improved object handling(Object.create(),Object.defineProperty(),Object.keys())

ECMAScript 6 (ES6)

2015

•  Block-scoped variable(let, const)
•  Arrow functions(() => {}
•  Rest/Spread operators
•  Promises

ECMAScript 7 (ES7)

2016

•  Exponentiation operator (**)
•  Array method(includes(),indexOf())

ECMAScript 8 (ES8)

2017

•  Async/Await
•  Object.entries() and Object.values()
•  String padding (padStart(), padEnd())

ECMAScript 9 (ES9)

2018

•  Rest/Spread properties for objects
•  Asynchronous iteration
•  Promise.finally()
•  Improved RegExp support

ECMAScript 10 (ES10)

2019

•  Array.prototype.flat()
•  Object.fromEntries()
•  String trimming
•  Optional catch binding

ECMAScript 11 (ES11)

2020

•  Nullish Coalescing Operator (??)
•  Optional Chaining (?.)
•  BigInt
•  Dynamic imports

ECMAScript 12 (ES12)

2021

•  Logical assignment operators
•  String
•  WeakRefs and FinalizationRegistry Promise.any()

ECMAScript 13 (ES13)

2022

•  Top-level await
•  Private class field
•  Array at() method

ECMAScript 14 (ES14)

2023

•  toSorted method
•  toReversed
•  findLast, and findLastIndex methods on Array.prototype and TypedArray.prototype