Exploring JavaScript Versions: From ES5 to ES2023

JavaScript has undergone several iterations since its creation, with new features and improvements introduced regularly. The standard for JavaScript is called ECMAScript (ES), which is maintained by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). Each new version of ECMAScript adds new features to JavaScript.

Name	Releasing Year	Features
ECMAScript 1 (ES1)	1997	Basic syantax and features: Control structures (`if`, `for`, `while)` Simplae data types (`String`, `Number`, and `Boolean)`
ECMAScript 2 (ES2)	1998	No major new features were added. Focused on minor edits.
ECMAScript 3 (ES3)	1999	Regular expressions Try/catch exception handling Improvements in string manipulation. Arrays and Objects.
ECMAScript 4 (ES4)		Abandoned due to disagreements
ECMAScript 5 (ES5)	2009	Strict Mode (`"use strict";`) JSON support (`JSON.parse()` and `JSON.stringify()`) Array methods(forEach(),map(),filter(),reduce()) Property Getters/Setters Improved object handling(Object.create(),Object.defineProperty(),Object.keys())
ECMAScript 6 (ES6)	2015	Block-scoped variable(let, const) Arrow functions(() => {} Rest/Spread operators Promises
ECMAScript 7 (ES7)	2016	Exponentiation operator (`**`) Array method(includes(),`indexOf()`)
ECMAScript 8 (ES8)	2017	Async/Await Object.entries() and Object.values() String padding (padStart(), padEnd())
ECMAScript 9 (ES9)	2018	Rest/Spread properties for objects Asynchronous iteration Promise.finally() Improved RegExp support
ECMAScript 10 (ES10)	2019	Array.prototype.flat() Object.fromEntries() String trimming Optional catch binding
ECMAScript 11 (ES11)	2020	Nullish Coalescing Operator (`??`) Optional Chaining (`?.`) BigInt Dynamic imports
ECMAScript 12 (ES12)	2021	Logical assignment operators String WeakRefs and FinalizationRegistry Promise.any()
ECMAScript 13 (ES13)	2022	Top-level `await` Private class field Array `at()` method
ECMAScript 14 (ES14)	2023	toSorted method toReversed findLast, and findLastIndex methods on Array.prototype and TypedArray.prototype

Note

The latest version of JavaScript is ECMAScript 2023.

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