Zend Framework Routing Explained | Segment, Literal & Child Routes Guide

namespace Application;

use Laminas\Router\Http\Literal;
use Application\Controller\MainController;
use Laminas\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory;

return [
    'router' => [
        'routes' => [
            'home' => [
                'type'    => Literal::class,
                'options' => [
                    'route'    => '/',
                    'defaults' => [
                        'controller' => MainController::class,
                        'action'     => 'home',
                    ],
                ],
            ],
        ],
    ],
    'controllers' => [
        'factories' => [
            MainController::class => InvokableFactory::class,
        ],
    ],
    'view_manager' => [
        'template_path_stack' => [
            __DIR__ . '/../view',
        ],
        'template_map' => [
            'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml',
        ],
        
    ],
];

`'router'` – Routing Configuration (module/Application/config/module.config.php)

'router' => [
  'routes' => [
    'home' => [
      'type'  => Literal::class,
      'options' => [
        'route'  => '/',
        'defaults' => [
          'controller' => Controller\MainController::class,
          'action'   => 'home',
        ],
      ],
    ],
  ],
],

Defines a route named home
Matches exactly / (homepage)
When the homepage is opened, it will run:

MainController::homeAction()

`'controllers'` – Registering Controllers (module/Application/config/module.config.php)

'controllers' => [
  'factories' => [
    Controller\MainController::class => InvokableFactory::class,
  ],
],

Tells the framework how to create MainController
Uses InvokableFactory since the controller has no constructor parameters
Required to make the controller load properly

MainController.php (module\Application\src\Controller\MainController.php)

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Application\Controller;

use Laminas\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Laminas\View\Model\ViewModel;

class MainController extends AbstractActionController
{
    public function homeAction()
    {
        return new ViewModel();
    }
}

Each public method ending with Action is an action.
homeAction() → URL: /

`'view_manager'` – View Folder Setup (module/Application/config/module.config.php)

'view_manager' => [
    'template_path_stack' => [
        __DIR__ . '/../view',
    ],
    'template_map' => [
        'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml',
    ],
],

template_path_stack

Tells Zend where to find .phtml view files
In this case, it will look in:

module/Application/view/

If your controller is MainController and action is homeAction, Zend will look for:

view/application/main/home.phtml

home.phtml

<h1>Welcome Home (Literal Route)</h1>

template_map

“Wrap all rendered views inside view/layout/layout.phtml.”
Here view/application/main/home.phtml Wrap inside view/layout/layout.phtml.

'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml'

layout.phtml (module\Application\view\layout\layout.phtml)

<?= $this->doctype() ?>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
    </head>
    <body>
        <div>
            <?= $this->content ?>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

Route Types in Zend

Type	Description
Literal	Exact match of a route (`/about`)
Segment	Dynamic routes with parameters (`/user/:id`)
Regex	Advanced pattern matching
Hostname	Match based on hostname
Method	Match based on HTTP method (GET, POST)

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What is Routing?

Where is Routing Defined? (module/Application/config/module.config.php)

'router' – Routing Configuration (module/Application/config/module.config.php)

'controllers' – Registering Controllers (module/Application/config/module.config.php)