Laravel Column Types & Modifiers Cheat Sheet

Type	Description
tinyInteger	-128 to 127 or 0 to 255 (unsigned)
smallInteger	-32,768 to 32,767
integer	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
bigInteger	Large range
decimal	Fixed point (e.g., money)
float	Floating point
double	More precision than float
unsigned()	Makes any integer positive-only

String & Text

Type	Description
string	VARCHAR (default length 255)
char	Fixed-length string
text	Long text
mediumText, longText	Even longer text

Date & Time

Type	Description
date	Date only
datetime	Date & time
timestamp	Date & time (auto-filled often)
timestamps	Adds created_at and updated_at
softDeletes	Adds deleted_at for soft delete

JSON & Others

Type	Description
json	Stores JSON
uuid	Universally unique ID
binary	Binary data
enum	$table->enum('level', ['basic', 'pro']);

Common Column Modifiers

Modifier	Description	Example
->nullable()	Allows column to store NULL	$table->string('name')->nullable();
->default(value)	Sets a default value	$table->boolean('active')->default(true);
->unique()	Adds a unique constraint	$table->string('email')->unique();
->index()	Adds a basic index	$table->string('slug')->index();
->primary()	Sets the column as primary key	$table->uuid('id')->primary();
->after('col')	Puts this column after another (MySQL only)	$table->string('token')->after('email');
->first()	Makes this the first column (MySQL only)	$table->string('first_name')->first();
->change()	Used when modifying an existing column	$table->string('title', 500)->nullable()->change();
->unsigned()	Makes an integer column unsigned (positive only)	$table->integer('votes')->unsigned();
->charset()	Overrides charset per column (rare)	$table->string('name')->charset('utf8mb4');
->collation()	Overrides collation	$table->string('name')->collation('utf8mb4_bin');
->autoIncrement()	Sets column to auto-increment	$table->integer('custom_id')->autoIncrement();

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