HB Introduction

Tutorial

Hibernate

Basic Tutorial

HB Introduction

HB Relationship Mappings

One-to-One Mapping

One-to-Many Mapping

Many-to-One Mapping

Many-to-Many Mapping

HB Query Language

HB Criteria API

HB Introduction

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Hibernate is a Java-based Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework that simplifies database interactions by allowing developers to work with Java objects instead of SQL queries. It provides an abstraction layer over traditional JDBC, making database operations more efficient, scalable, and easier to maintain.

Key Characteristics of Hibernate:

✅ ORM Framework: Maps Java objects to database tables automatically.

✅ Eliminates Boilerplate Code: Reduces the need for manual SQL queries.

✅ Database Independence: Supports multiple databases without changing code.

✅ Caching Mechanism: Improves performance by reducing database calls.

✅ HQL (Hibernate Query Language): Provides an object-oriented approach to writing queries.

Features of Hibernate

Hibernate offers several powerful features that make it a popular choice for database interactions in Java applications:

1. ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)

Converts Java classes into database tables automatically.
Eliminates manual SQL writing for CRUD operations.

2. Database Independence

Supports multiple databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, H2, MongoDB, etc.
Easily switch databases without changing application code.

3. Hibernate Query Language (HQL)

A powerful, object-oriented query language similar to SQL.
Allows developers to work with entity objects instead of raw database tables.

4. Caching for Performance Optimization

First-Level Cache: Stores session-level data.
Second-Level Cache: Uses external tools like EhCache, Caffeine, Redis for better performance.

5. Lazy & Eager Loading

Lazy Loading: Loads data only when required (improves performance).
Eager Loading: Loads all data immediately (useful for small datasets).

6. Automatic Schema Generation

Can create or update database tables using hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto property.

7. Integration with Other Frameworks

Works with Spring Boot, Jakarta EE, JPA, Microservices, REST APIs, etc.

Advantages of Hibernate over JDBC:

Feature	JDBC	Hibernate
SQL Writing	Manual SQL queries required	Uses HQL, eliminates manual queries
Code Complexity	High, requires handling SQL, connections, exceptions	Simplifies DB operations with ORM
Database Independence	Tied to a specific database	Easily switch databases
Transaction Management	Requires explicit handling	Built-in transaction support
Performance Optimization	No caching mechanism	First & Second-Level Caching
Relationships Handling	Manually handled via joins	Simplified with annotations (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne)

Hibernate Architecture:

Hibernate follows a layered architecture, consisting of different components that interact with each other:

1. Configuration Layer (`hibernate.cfg.xml`)

Defines database settings, dialect, and mappings.
Example configuration:

<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>

<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>

<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernatedb</property>

<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

2. Core Components of Hibernate Architecture:

Component	Description
SessionFactory	Creates `Session` objects and manages connection pooling.
Session	Provides CRUD operations and interacts with the database.
Transaction	Manages database transactions (commit, rollback).
Query & Criteria API	Allows fetching and filtering data using HQL and Criteria API.
JDBC Driver	Connects Hibernate to the database.

Hibernate vs JPA vs JDBC

Feature	JDBC	JPA	Hibernate
API Type	Low-level API	Specification	Implementation of JPA
Complexity	High	Medium	Low
Query Language	SQL	JPQL (Java Persistence Query Language)	HQL (Hibernate Query Language)
Caching	No built-in caching	Depends on implementation	Supports First & Second-Level Caching
Database Independence	Limited	Yes	Yes
Integration	Requires manual setup	Works with ORM tools	Works with JPA, Spring, Jakarta EE

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Key Characteristics of Hibernate:

Features of Hibernate

1. ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)

2. Database Independence

3. Hibernate Query Language (HQL)

4. Caching for Performance Optimization

5. Lazy & Eager Loading

6. Automatic Schema Generation

7. Integration with Other Frameworks

Advantages of Hibernate over JDBC:

Feature

JDBC

Hibernate

Hibernate Architecture:

1. Configuration Layer (hibernate.cfg.xml)

2. Core Components of Hibernate Architecture:

Component

Description

Hibernate vs JPA vs JDBC

Feature

JDBC

JPA

Hibernate

1. Configuration Layer (`hibernate.cfg.xml`)